It offers degrees in law, Islamic sciences and medicine. Healthcare is slowly improving in Algeria. Algeria slightly exceeds the WHO the recommended physician to patients ratio with 1.
An immunization program is offered by the government, but poor sanitation and unclean water still causes cases of hepatitis, cholera, and dysentery, though they are infrequent.
The poor receive free healthcare, and the wealthy are charged for healthcare based on a sliding scale. Healthcare access is increasing due to regulations that require all physicians to work in the public health sector for at least five years. Physicians are generally easier to access in the northern parts of the country than in the southern Sahara. Al-Muwatta is a collection of rituals, rites, customs, traditions and laws from the life of the Prophet Muhammad.
Christianity first appeared in Algeria during the Roman Empire and started to disappear with its collapse, although interest in it was revitalized under the Byzantines. In the 7th century, after the Arab invasions, it disappeared entirely and did not return until the French colonization of Algeria. Today the number of Christian Algerians is small, and there is limited freedom of religion.
Although there are ordinances in place that allow non-Sunni Muslims to worship as they please, in practice, the rights of Jews, Christians and other Muslims to worship in public are often restricted. Worshippers in religious minorities often meet in secret or informally, as only Sunni Muslims have the full protection of the law.
In addition, the Algerian constitution bans non-Muslims from holding high-level government positions. There is also a ban on proselytizing, which prevents open religious discussions, and Muslim converts to Christianity face imprisonment, fines, or pressure to revert back to Islam.
Algerian culture is a unique blend of tradition and outside influences. Algerian cuisine reflects a variety of cultural influences. Durum wheat was a staple of the Amazigh people.
When it is steamed it turns into couscous, which remains a staple of Algerian cooking to this day. Other kinds of grain — such as bulgur wheat and barley — can also be steamed in a couscoussier to create different varieties of couscous. Locally-grown crops, such as potatoes, tomatoes, onions, chickpeas, olives and dates, are common ingredients in Algerian dishes.
In Saharan communities, dates, figs and hard cheeses are eaten with flat unleavened breads baked over fires. Many dishes, especially stews, soups and sausages, have a hot or spicy flavor. A popular spicy soup is chorba literally translating to soup. It is flavored with spices like saffron, nutmeg and cinnamon, which were introduced by the Arabs.
The Ottoman Turks brought sweet pastries to the region. Many local sweets incorporate the staple wheat, such as tamina , into pastries or desserts. The wheat can be roasted with butter and honey. In former Spanish-controlled cities, such as Oran, dishes like paella are popular.
Algerian people have a strong clothing tradition that is still adhered to today. Folk dresses are commonly worn, especially in rural areas. Many local designers use the traditional features of Algerian outfits in modern clothes. That said, western dress is common for both men and woman. It is optional to wear the veils; doing so is influenced by a variety of factors, both cultural and religious. A burnous is a long woolen cloak with a hood traditionally used by Algerian men.
Many Algerian garments are hooded because of the practical uses associated with hoods for the Algerian climate. It protects the wearer from the sun, desert winds, and sand, and in the mountain regions it protects from the cold, rain, and snow.
Usually, the burnous is white and made from the fine, thin wool. A burnous is often very festive, decorated with embroidery, tassels, and patterns on the fabric.
This garment is used in several Arab countries. Another piece of Algerian traditional clothing is a djellaba , a garment that is used in several North African countries. It is a loose, long-sleeved robe with a hood, used by both men and women. The color of a djellaba tells the marital status of the wearer: light colors for married men and dark brown color for bachelors. Traditionally it was ankle-length or ground-length but modern djellabas are a little shorter.
Traditional female outfits are usually bright and colorful, with rich decorations in gold and silver threads. The modest clothing is often fitted with lace, patterns on the fabric, jewelry, and so on. Algerian women wear different long dresses or robes that cover their body from head to toe. Commonly, the traditional loose trousers are worn underneath the dress. One of the traditional Algerian dresses is called karakou, seen to the left. It always consists of a velvet jacket embroidered with gold threads.
Usually, the jacket is worn with the traditional Arab trousers called saroual, but modern karakou can be used with a long skirt. These are used for special and formal occasions such as weddings, and not everyday wear. The traditional Algerian male headdress is a fez. It is a felt, tight-fitting cap in the shape of a short cylinder.
Usually, a fez is red. The fez is particularly popular in the countries that used to be a part of the Ottoman Empire. Watch the video below for a rare glimpse at traditional life in Algeria when Aljazeera goes behind the scenes at three weddings in western part of the country.
Algerian literature has a rich history, but only gained prominence outside of Algeria during the early to midth century. Camus was a philosopher, novelist and playwright, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in Most of his stories are set in Algeria and he supported civil rights for the indigenous Algerians.
On the other hand, Camus opposed Algerian independence, which has significantly damaged his reputation in his homeland. Frantz Fanon emerged as a revolutionary writer and figure for Algeria during its struggle for independence from France. Fanon was born in Martinique, but moved to Algeria in , a year before the uprising against the French began.
He devoted much of his life to supporting the independence movement of Algerians and wrote about the cultural and political struggles of decolonization movements globally. Chaabi is a combination of classical Arab and Andalusian music with traditionally deep moral messages of love, loss, celebration, and friendship. He was an accomplished musician who recorded over songs on albums throughout his lifetime. By far the most popular type of modern music is Rai, a mixture of Western and traditional Algerian Bedouin nomadic music.
It is more abrasive and louder than the traditional music that comes out of the region. Its popularity has spread to France, Spain and other Middle Eastern countries. The first is the Large Wild Fauna Period, which depicts the relationship the people had with the animals.
The second is the Round Head Period, which shows human-like figures with large featureless round heads. The third is the Pastoral Period, which focuses on when the indigenous Algerians became dependent on pastoral animals, followed by the Horse Period, which begins showing men with weapons and chariots.
The final period is the Camel Period, which depicts camels and uses the Taureg language. Algerian artists are known for their intricate paintings, sculptures and woven tapestries. His miniature paintings are hand-painted in water color or oil and are no more than a few inches in dimension. They usually contain historical recreations or depict everyday cultural events.
A popular style of modern art displays abstract calligraphy and decorative traditions of Islamic art such as traditional signs and symbols , combined with contemporary abstract art.
Certain artists, for example, look to traditional Amazigh art for symbols, which they might use as structural elements in their works, amplifying some and reinventing others, as in the work of the Algerian artist Rashid Koraishi. Rashid begins with Arabic calligraphic scripts and incorporates symbols, glyphs and ciphers drawn from a wide variety of languages and cultures.
The Great Mosque of Algiers is the oldest mosque in the capital, from CE, and one of the oldest in the nation. This cathedral was founded in and converted into a public library in The city of Oran itself is a major tourist destination.
It is also the birthplace of Rai music. Roman ruins are common throughout the country and two of the best known are Timgad and Djemila.
Timgad prospered until it was sacked by Vandals in the 5 th century. Djemila is notable for the adaptation of Roman architecture to a mountain environment. It was built in the first century C.
Mzab Valley, miles south of Algiers and in the heart of the Sahara, refers to the five fortified villages ksour that make up the area. The five villages circle a mosque and are known as the Pentapolis. Mzab Valley was established between and CE and exemplifies communal living in a harsh environment. It also has more than natural arches. Read more about the pictographs in the art section above.
Fantasia, or lab el baroud the gunpowder play , is an event where a group of horsemen charge their horses at the same speed to a certain location, where they must fire muskets or muzzle-loading rifles in the air at the same time, with the goal of sounding as if only one rifle has been shot. Fantasia remains popular today. Football U. The French introduced Algerians to boxing in and within nine years, 11 major boxing clubs had formed.
It remains popular to this day. Algeria has participated in all but one of the Summer Olympic Games Algeria has also been represented at three winter games, however, they have yet to win a medal. Algeria has won a total of 17 Olympic medals: five gold, four silver, and eight bronze.
Click to visit page. Click here to visit. Share this: Tweet. Geography Resources. Interactive Map of Algeria. Interactive Map for Kids. The Sirocco Winds. The Arab Spring Era In , protests and riots influenced by the Arab Spring erupted due to unaddressed social and economic problems coupled with a sharp increase in the cost of living. History Resources. Library of Congress Algeria Country Study.
The Algerian government is structured as a presidential republic with an executive branch and a bicameral parliament. Government Resources. Constitution of Algeria May Draft. View image gettyimages. Society Resources. Africa Guide: Algeria's Berbers. University of Algiers. Food Algerian cuisine reflects a variety of cultural influences.
Clothing Algerian people have a strong clothing tradition that is still adhered to today. He was an accomplished musician who recorded over songs on albums throughout his lifetime By far the most popular type of modern music is Rai, a mixture of Western and traditional Algerian Bedouin nomadic music.
Culture Resources. Tassili n'Ajjer. Rashid Koraishi Gallery. Racim Miniatures. The Sound of Rai Spotify Playlist. Sites Resources. Mzab Valley Architecture. Tassili n'Ajjer Arches. Sports Resources. Algerian Football Federation. Middle East Policy Council. Scholarly essays, commentary and forums on Algeria Click to visit page. The New York Times.
The Council on Foreign Relations. The GPS coordinates of Algeria are comprised of a latitude and a longitude. The latitudinal coordinate of the country is This coordinate shows that Algeria is positioned above the equator, in the northern hemisphere. The longitude of Algeria is 1. Of all the northernmost points of every country in the world, Algeria's most extreme point to the north ranks as the sixty-seventh most northern point.
The southernmost point of Algeria is situated on the border that Algeria shares with Mali. The southern point of extremity in Algeria is in commune of Tin Zaouatine, which is part of the Tamanrasset Province. The easternmost point of Algeria is at the exact location where Libya, Algeria, and Niger intersect.
This tripoint falls within the boundaries of the Illizi Province. At this position, Algeria's western point of extremity sits on the border that separates Western Sahara , Morocco , and Algeria. As a country made up of forty-eight distinct provinces, Algeria's total area is 2,, square miles. Algeria ranks as the tenth largest country based on total area. The population of Algeria is 42,, people. From there, by dividing the population by the total area, the population density of Algeria comes to about 18 people per square mile.
Where is Algeria in the World?
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