One-Leaf Pinyon P. Ponderosa Pine P. Coulter Pine P. Digger Pine P. Torrey Pine P. Jeffrey Pine P. Sugar Pine P. Another species left image called the Washoe Pine P. In addition, the Beach and Lodgepole Pines are now recognized as subspecies of P. According to R. Lanner Conifers of California , , there may be other significant changes in the pines of California. Allozyme studies in two-leaf pinyons Pinus edulis of the New York Mountains indicate that these populations are biochemically and genetically consistent with nearby one-leaf pinyon Pinus monophylla , and that P.
The unusual New York Mountains population appears to be a 2-needle variant of P. According to Lanner, the latter species has five needles per fascicle and occurs in San Diego County. The hybrid hypothesis might explain the perplexing variation in needle number for P. Foxtail pines Pinus balfouriana on the 11, ft m slopes of Alta Peak. The 13, ft. Left: Seed cones of cypress Cupressus from groves in southern California.
Tecate cypress C. Sargent cypress C. Piute cypress C. Cuyamaca cypress C. Smooth-bark Arizona cypress C. Rough-bark Arizona cypress C. Right: Seed cones of cypress from groves in central and northern California. Monterey cypress C. Gowen cypress C. Santa Cruz cypress C. Mendocino cypress C. Macnab cypress C. Modoc cypress C. Male pollen cones of the Piute cypress Cupressus nevadensis [syn. Each scalelike leaf bears a dorsal gland that exudes a resin droplet red arrow.
Interior cypress species such as this one typically have glaucous, resinous foliage, presumably an adaptation to dry, arid habitats. Foliage and pollen cones of the Smooth-bark Arizona cypress Cupressus glabra [Syn.
Foliage of the Tecate cypress C. The scalelike leaves of Arizona cypress are glaucous and very glandular sticky. The scalelike leaves of Tecate cypress are green and without dorsal resin glands.
Right: Grove of Piute cypress C. The Piute cypress are more drought resistant, with gray glaucous , glandular resinous foliage similar to the Arizona cypress.
In fact, some botanists now consider the Piute cypress to be a subspecies of the Arizona cypress and have named it C. This species typically grows on outcrops of serpentine in the Coast Ranges of central and northern California. Serpentine is a shiny rock with a waxy luster and feel.
It varies in color from creamy white and shades of green to black. In California, many species of rare and endangered plants are endemic to serpentine outcrops. Genetic drift has undoubtedly occured in isolated cypress groves such as this one, which are often referred to as "arboreal islands.
Podocarpus gracilior , a member of the Podocarpaceae native to eastern Africa. Although it is sometimes called "fern pine" it does not belong to the genus Pinus ; however, like pines and other cone-bearing species, it does belong to the Division Coniferophyta. Minute female cones are composed of reduced scales, but usually only one scale bears an ovule that matures into a seed.
Millions of living things inhabit our planet, but did you know that they are divided into five separate kingdoms? Some, like animals and plants, are visible to the naked eye; but others, like bacteria, can only be seen under a microscope. Let's delve into the world of the five kingdoms of nature and find out a bit more about them.
Living things are divided into five kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist and monera. Nobody knows for certain when, how or why life began on Earth, but Aristotle observed 2, years ago that all the planet's biodiversity was of animal or plant origin. This initial observation by the Greek philosopher was expanded in the 19th and 20th centuries by the discovery of new kingdoms, finally arriving at today's widely-recognised five, which cover the 8.
The system of biological kingdoms is the way in which science classifies living things according to their ancestry over the course of evolution. This means that all the species that make up these five large groups - some recent theories split them further into six or even seven - have common ancestors and therefore share some of their genes and belong to the same family tree.
As well as the kingdoms of living things there are other taxonomic categories within the same classification system such as, for instance, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. They all follow a hierarchical order and are dependent on each other, so some divisions include others.
In this way, the domain includes the kingdom, the kingdom the phylum, the phylum the class, and so on. All the species in a particular kingdom have similar characteristics in terms of their growth and the way they function. Now let's look at where the family relationships that define nature's kingdoms come from:.
Autotrophic makes its own food or heterotrophic feeds on other living things. Cell organisation. Unicellular having only one cell or multicellular having two or more cells. Cell type. Eukaryotes the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane or prokaryotes lacking a membrane.
Aerobic needs oxygen or anaerobic does not use oxygen. They are the kinds found everywhere and are the ones people are most familiar with.
Eubacteria are classified in their own kingdom because their chemical makeup is different. Most eubacteria are helpful. Some produce vitamins and foods like yogurt. However, these eubacteria, Streptococci pictured above, can give you strep throat! Mushrooms, mold and mildew are all examples of organisms in the kingdom fungi.
Most fungi are multicellular and consists of many complex cells. Fun Facts about Fungi. Some fungi taste great and others can kill you!
Fungi are organisms that biologists once confused with plants, however, unlike plants, fungi cannot make their own food. Most obtain their food from parts of plants that are decaying in the soil. Slime molds and algae are protists. Sometimes they are called the odds and ends kingdom because its members are so different from one another. Protists include all microscopic organisms that are not bacteria, not animals, not plants and not fungi.
Most protists are unicellular. You may be wondering why those protists are not classified in the Archaebacteria or Eubacteria kingdoms.
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