You'll probably feel groggy and a little confused when you first wake. You may experience common side effects such as:. You may also experience other side effects after you awaken from anesthesia, such as pain. Your anesthesia care team will ask you about your pain and other side effects. Side effects depend on your individual condition and the type of surgery. Your doctor may give you medications after your procedure to reduce pain and nausea.
Explore Mayo Clinic studies of tests and procedures to help prevent, detect, treat or manage conditions. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview General anesthesia is a combination of medications that put you in a sleep-like state before a surgery or other medical procedure.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Falk SA, et al. Overview of anesthesia. Accessed Nov. Brunton LL, et al. General anesthetics and therapeutic gases.
New York, N. Katzung BG, ed. General anesthetics. Dorian RS. Anesthesia for the surgical patient. In: Schwartz's Principles of Surgery. General anesthesia.
American Society of Anesthesiologists. Role of physician anesthesiologist. Anesthesia care team. Anesthesia risks. Anesthesia awareness waking up during surgery. Avidan M. Synaptic vesicles then detect this rise in calcium, and they fuse with the membrane. The researchers found that isoflurane lowered calcium influx by blocking calcium ion channels, which in turn reduced the probability of vesicle release.
The scientists hypothesized that isoflurane could reduce the number of releasable vesicles by either directly blocking the process of vesicle release by exocytosis, or by indirectly blocking vesicle recycling, where vesicles are reformed by endocytosis and then refilled with neurotransmitter, ready to be released again.
By electrically measuring the changes in the surface area of the presynaptic terminal membrane, which is increased by exocytosis and decreased by endocytosis, the scientists concluded that isoflurane only affected vesicle release by exocytosis, likely by blocking exocytic machinery.
The scientists proposed that high frequency action potentials trigger such a massive influx of calcium into the presynaptic terminal that isoflurane cannot effectively reduce the calcium concentration. Synaptic strength is therefore weakened predominantly by the direct block of exocytic machinery rather than a reduced probability of vesicle release.
Meanwhile, low frequency impulses trigger less exocytosis, so isoflurane's block on exocytic machinery has little effect. Although isoflurane effectively reduces entry of calcium into the presynaptic terminal, lowering the probability of vesicle release, by itself, is not powerful enough to block postsynaptic action potentials at the calyx of Held and has only a minor effect in cortico-cortical synapses.
Low frequency transmission is therefore maintained. Overall, the series of experiments provide compelling evidence to how isoflurane weakens synapses to induce anesthesia. Original written by Dani Ellenby. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Science News. A study focused specifically on propofol to dig into what mechanisms are at play. The research found this type of anesthesia restricts movement of a type of protein in a way that inhibits communication between neurons.
And remember, different drugs achieve different results. The question of how anesthesia works is further complicated by the fact that different types often need to be used in combination with each other. A single medication may not be sufficient for a given procedure. Ma points out. Anesthesia is not a matter of flipping a switch and walking away. It requires constant monitoring and adjustment, particularly for complex surgeries.
Ma says. Ma offers is for a shoulder surgery where the patient would be sitting. It would require general anesthesia and a nerve block regional anesthesia may also be placed prior to surgery to help minimize pain and aid in the recovery process. This is why any provider who administers anesthesia must be highly trained.
These medical professionals include anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, oral surgeons, dentists, and anesthesiologist assistants.
The field rapidly advanced in the s and anesthesia is now considered commonplace. Ma emphasizes. How does anesthesia work? You can see it depends on the type of drug and the care being provided.
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